シリア：ダルアー地方が反乱する理由 政権中枢からの排除
ダルアーのあるハウラーン地方で育った筆者が語る背景。前半は都会で生まれ育った筆者が、農作業が好きな父に連れられ（父がハウラーン出身だったとは書かれていない）、半ば強制的に同地方のアスム村に移り住んだ。つまらなかったが、民族衣装と精悍（せいかん）な顔立ち、質実剛健な気風が印象に残っている・・・みたいな昔話。
後半がこの文章のミソ。
ハウラーン地方の部族は（オスマン時代は一つだったが）、独立後はシリア側とヨルダン側に二分された。同じ部族のヨルダン側は、ハーシム王家を支える柱の一つとして軍と三権で活躍している。
父アサドの時代はハウラーン出身者が政権中枢に徴用された。当時外相だったファールーク・シャルア外交担当副大統領、1990年代の首相であるマフムード・ズウビー、定年間近の外交官ファイサル・アル・ミクダード、駐レバノンの軍情報部長だったルストゥム・ガッザーラ。
ところがバッシャールの時代になり、政権とハウラーン地方の関係は悪化した。ズウビーは解任され、しばらくすると死亡したが、これは暗殺だった。彼は政権の「世襲」に反対したからだ。シャルアは副大統領に昇格したが、以前ほど見かけなくなり、影響力も失った。というのは、補佐官に情報局の高官が任命され、事実上監視されているからだ。
ガッザーラは、シリア軍がレバノンから撤退したあとポストから解任され、ハリーリー暗殺事件を究明する国連委員会のシリア代表としてウィーンに派遣されたが、これは非常に辛い仕事だ。バッシャールから、もしシリアに責任があるという最終結論が導き出されたら、裏切り行為で司法で裁くと脅迫されている。
政権中枢にいたハウラーン出身者は全員、辞任か解任か自殺か暗殺されてしまった。
（以下は私の感想）
この解釈でいくと、ダルアーの人が叫ぶ「民主主義」とか「宗派主義反対」の本当の意味は、「ハウラーン出身者にポストをよこせ」ということだ。）
政府との衝突で多くの犠牲者を出した点については、ただでさえバッシャール政権下でハウラーンは冷遇されているのに、また無視された・冷遇された・殺されたというように、現地では捉えられているだろう。憎しみが増大。
これまでに収集した情報の範囲では、唐突に発表された大統領令43号（英語記事は「No. 43」で検索）が、土地取引をめぐり何か不正があったことが示唆されると指摘した。
昨日は大統領支持の集会が圧倒的な動員を見せつけ、シリアの中でダルアーの孤立が際だってしまったわけだが、Youtubeの動画を信じるならば、ダルアーでは昨日も元気に集会を開いていた。ダルアーの人たちの踏ん張りを、子供の落書きだけで説明することは不可能。しかし、土地取引と人事の2点で中央政府と揉めているとするならば、合点がいく。
Horan has a history of men and martyrs
http://www.aawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=614805&issueno=11809
2011.03.29
My father was a lover of the countryside. He spent his youth and aside from Kholth farmer. The last experience of rural non-winning ground in the «Asm» village, which lay in the bosom of easy Horan, who today becomes inflamed with anger. And fire. And the blood.
And I accompanied my father to Horan forced. I was a child. The broad gray easy to suggest me sad. Bored. I'm Besbha city. Vitality. Today, in my exile the remote, I rarely visit the French countryside (not Kambaneo). It simulates the Grey Reef Horan.
But the sight of the village was amused. Farmers were like Indians, in the film (Cowboy) exciting to the imagination of my childhood: faces tough. Lips in place. Msmomp. Short beards. Patches are distributed carefully on the page face hard. Arab cloak loose. Sensible wonderful. I still consider the most beautiful robe and headdress fashion world.
Hourani Knights. Mottaghvon brave. In them, pride to hide their poverty. Hourani Hacrp face. Cape Mmeltf canvas dome decorated with colorful long dress colors. Bouapadh captivating beauty of the countryside drink Boukmrip color brown. The boys had parents come to Damascus. Buy her red shoes heavy BHourani (people) particular, of the market closely to a narrow tiled wall of the Umayyad Mosque.
Were not the boys feel the completion of their femininity, but if I knocked on the land of Damascus shoe nails military boots raise a fuss. Bring him back to her village. Model for the traditional singing songs, while the horse is going over the wooden Blouhha wheat crop, to separate the wheat from the grain of its skin, in the harvest season.
Thus, I knew Horan. Certainly, these scenes of rural folk have disappeared long ago. Almost cloak and headdress Igban. Wearing the new generation pants. Young people left the villages easy sad. Deported to Damascus a request for information and action. Or ventured to cross the border and the mountains of Lebanon, as construction workers. In the civil war, died hundreds of workers who surprised Hourani (people) barriers combatants, in the riddles of Beirut, which curves do not know non-residents.
Horan glorious history, his men. And the martyrs. Date brighter brighter gray plain sad.
One day, through the Secretary-easy young man Muhammad, Khadija trade. On the table is easy, docked with the Muslim Arabs Byzantium the Imperial Army. Christians fought Ghassanids (Population easy) with fellow Muslims that they are protecting the Empire Tgoreha desert.
In the plain of the Secretary, is still advance national affiliation of religious affiliation. 1400 years ago, live the Christian and Muslim villages, in brotherhood and peace, from Horan Syria to the north, to the meanings of Jordan to the south. Mantle one. Sensible people can not distinguish between the Christian Church, Muslim mosque.
In modern history, Horan was easy gateway to the Arab Revolt forces that liberated Syria (1916) from five centuries of Turkish. Forget who Ihrkon blood in Daraa and al-Sanamain, today announced that they were the first Hourani (people) Syrians, who rebelled against colonialism.
Month of the invasion commander, General Gouraud his sword in front of the tomb of Saladin in Damascus, shouting: «Here we are, my Salah al-Din». Then came out proudly, easy to Horan, in his first round of Syria (1920). Hourani (people) rebels like him. General has his hand which knocked his sword. And nearly lost his life. Was thickly shot. FTC Hourani (people) Bozraih customers in the civilian government formed. Of course, there was a vendetta. And revenge. And the martyrs. Just as there are today, revenge. And the martyrs!
Independence and separation from Syria, Jordan clan was luckier than her sister Hourani clan across the border. Jordan clan are staking a popular basis for the Hashemite regime. Had its share of care and authority, strongly represented in the military institutions. And security. And executive (the government). The legislature (the House of Representatives and the Senate). In Syria, Karam Gamal Abdel Nasser tribe Hourani. Withdrawal of the army officers adults. Zarhm and preserve their dignity Kouhdoyen enthusiastic, and the prevention of Chgbhm politicized officers.
Hourani (people), on poverty. Tabahm and staleness. And the severity of shares, people are smart. Mnoron. Used the guard and reserve, in dealing with the regimes of Salah Jadid and Hafez al-Assad. Hourani (people) Sunni clans and families of extremely conservative, in politics and religion. Assad visited Horan at the beginning of his reign. Received a warm welcome in popularity, Defiance and gaiety to get rid of a dark era imposed by his predecessor and his opponent, Salah Jadid.
Assad when he canceled the policy, objected Hama years on «secular» its new constitution, and the inauguration of President Alawi officer (of the State of mostly Sunni). Horan did not participate year Hama years. No vigil. Did not rebel. Did not participate when the Muslim Brotherhood staged assassinations, sectarian war, against the upper-management frameworks.
From here, the Assad regime rewarded Hourani (people) father, to stay neutral. Then attracted. Seduced. Have started to senior officers. And guards, and even «executioners» in the business of security and repression, in Syria and Lebanon. Hourani (people) rose in power and the ruling party. Tozer was Faruq al-Shara (the son of the family religious Hourani) and foreign minister. Then Vice-President of the Republic. Chaired by Eng Mahmoud Zoubi government for several years in the nineties. Here is a brilliant Hourani diplomat Faisal al-Miqdad, waiting for retirement, Walid Muallem, to be replaced as foreign minister.
In the era of Assad Jr., Gamt friendly relationship between the regime and Hourani (people). Mahmoud Zubi committed suicide after withdrawing from the post of prime minister. It was slaughter. Said he had objected to the inheritance. Summed up the security establishment frightening funeral ceremony and popular media. Withdraw from the post of Foreign Lindh Farouk al-Shara. Lift to the top of the vice president. However, it is less visible and influential, since chief security officer was appointed as his assistant, perhaps to watch him.
In the Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon, following the assassination of Rafik al-Hariri (2005), (Hourani) Rustom Ghazzaleh lost his security post and political influence. Until now, no suicide or sacrifice. As happened to his former boss, Major General Ghazi Kanaan, who ruled Lebanon, before him, for many years, from Majdal Anjar station on the border between the two countries.
«S intimacy in Vienna»! General Ghazzalih raise to the rank of major general. But had been sent under duress with a bunch of security officers to the Austrian capital, secretly and in secret, to assume the international Hariri tribunal investigators interrogated. Gold-Ghazaleh accused. Returned a witness (who saw Nothing). Fortunately, a solution «deer» Hezbollah him in the Indictment Chamber liquidation of Hariri. But President Bashar al-threatening Rustum Ghazala from time to time, repeating that he would be tried on charges of «treason» every Syrian proven to be involved in the assassination.
To now. Not al-Shara. Not Miqdad. Not Ghazala, (all of these guys are) resigned. Or relieved. Or committed suicide. Or slaughtered. Silent for the bloodshed. But Horan martyr achieved a major political victory. Extracted from the blood of Syrian promises to reform. Is Bashar unable to fulfill the promises? Or forgotten, forgotten as the father, one day in 1980, and the promises of democracy to the unions pharmacists. Lawyers. Engineers. Doctors? To pick breaths. To try to search for an answer in the next Tuesday, and not after thirty years.
後半がこの文章のミソ。
ハウラーン地方の部族は（オスマン時代は一つだったが）、独立後はシリア側とヨルダン側に二分された。同じ部族のヨルダン側は、ハーシム王家を支える柱の一つとして軍と三権で活躍している。
父アサドの時代はハウラーン出身者が政権中枢に徴用された。当時外相だったファールーク・シャルア外交担当副大統領、1990年代の首相であるマフムード・ズウビー、定年間近の外交官ファイサル・アル・ミクダード、駐レバノンの軍情報部長だったルストゥム・ガッザーラ。
ところがバッシャールの時代になり、政権とハウラーン地方の関係は悪化した。ズウビーは解任され、しばらくすると死亡したが、これは暗殺だった。彼は政権の「世襲」に反対したからだ。シャルアは副大統領に昇格したが、以前ほど見かけなくなり、影響力も失った。というのは、補佐官に情報局の高官が任命され、事実上監視されているからだ。
ガッザーラは、シリア軍がレバノンから撤退したあとポストから解任され、ハリーリー暗殺事件を究明する国連委員会のシリア代表としてウィーンに派遣されたが、これは非常に辛い仕事だ。バッシャールから、もしシリアに責任があるという最終結論が導き出されたら、裏切り行為で司法で裁くと脅迫されている。
政権中枢にいたハウラーン出身者は全員、辞任か解任か自殺か暗殺されてしまった。
（以下は私の感想）
この解釈でいくと、ダルアーの人が叫ぶ「民主主義」とか「宗派主義反対」の本当の意味は、「ハウラーン出身者にポストをよこせ」ということだ。）
政府との衝突で多くの犠牲者を出した点については、ただでさえバッシャール政権下でハウラーンは冷遇されているのに、また無視された・冷遇された・殺されたというように、現地では捉えられているだろう。憎しみが増大。
これまでに収集した情報の範囲では、唐突に発表された大統領令43号（英語記事は「No. 43」で検索）が、土地取引をめぐり何か不正があったことが示唆されると指摘した。
昨日は大統領支持の集会が圧倒的な動員を見せつけ、シリアの中でダルアーの孤立が際だってしまったわけだが、Youtubeの動画を信じるならば、ダルアーでは昨日も元気に集会を開いていた。ダルアーの人たちの踏ん張りを、子供の落書きだけで説明することは不可能。しかし、土地取引と人事の2点で中央政府と揉めているとするならば、合点がいく。
Horan has a history of men and martyrs
http://www.aawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=614805&issueno=11809
2011.03.29
My father was a lover of the countryside. He spent his youth and aside from Kholth farmer. The last experience of rural non-winning ground in the «Asm» village, which lay in the bosom of easy Horan, who today becomes inflamed with anger. And fire. And the blood.
And I accompanied my father to Horan forced. I was a child. The broad gray easy to suggest me sad. Bored. I'm Besbha city. Vitality. Today, in my exile the remote, I rarely visit the French countryside (not Kambaneo). It simulates the Grey Reef Horan.
But the sight of the village was amused. Farmers were like Indians, in the film (Cowboy) exciting to the imagination of my childhood: faces tough. Lips in place. Msmomp. Short beards. Patches are distributed carefully on the page face hard. Arab cloak loose. Sensible wonderful. I still consider the most beautiful robe and headdress fashion world.
Hourani Knights. Mottaghvon brave. In them, pride to hide their poverty. Hourani Hacrp face. Cape Mmeltf canvas dome decorated with colorful long dress colors. Bouapadh captivating beauty of the countryside drink Boukmrip color brown. The boys had parents come to Damascus. Buy her red shoes heavy BHourani (people) particular, of the market closely to a narrow tiled wall of the Umayyad Mosque.
Were not the boys feel the completion of their femininity, but if I knocked on the land of Damascus shoe nails military boots raise a fuss. Bring him back to her village. Model for the traditional singing songs, while the horse is going over the wooden Blouhha wheat crop, to separate the wheat from the grain of its skin, in the harvest season.
Thus, I knew Horan. Certainly, these scenes of rural folk have disappeared long ago. Almost cloak and headdress Igban. Wearing the new generation pants. Young people left the villages easy sad. Deported to Damascus a request for information and action. Or ventured to cross the border and the mountains of Lebanon, as construction workers. In the civil war, died hundreds of workers who surprised Hourani (people) barriers combatants, in the riddles of Beirut, which curves do not know non-residents.
Horan glorious history, his men. And the martyrs. Date brighter brighter gray plain sad.
One day, through the Secretary-easy young man Muhammad, Khadija trade. On the table is easy, docked with the Muslim Arabs Byzantium the Imperial Army. Christians fought Ghassanids (Population easy) with fellow Muslims that they are protecting the Empire Tgoreha desert.
In the plain of the Secretary, is still advance national affiliation of religious affiliation. 1400 years ago, live the Christian and Muslim villages, in brotherhood and peace, from Horan Syria to the north, to the meanings of Jordan to the south. Mantle one. Sensible people can not distinguish between the Christian Church, Muslim mosque.
In modern history, Horan was easy gateway to the Arab Revolt forces that liberated Syria (1916) from five centuries of Turkish. Forget who Ihrkon blood in Daraa and al-Sanamain, today announced that they were the first Hourani (people) Syrians, who rebelled against colonialism.
Month of the invasion commander, General Gouraud his sword in front of the tomb of Saladin in Damascus, shouting: «Here we are, my Salah al-Din». Then came out proudly, easy to Horan, in his first round of Syria (1920). Hourani (people) rebels like him. General has his hand which knocked his sword. And nearly lost his life. Was thickly shot. FTC Hourani (people) Bozraih customers in the civilian government formed. Of course, there was a vendetta. And revenge. And the martyrs. Just as there are today, revenge. And the martyrs!
Independence and separation from Syria, Jordan clan was luckier than her sister Hourani clan across the border. Jordan clan are staking a popular basis for the Hashemite regime. Had its share of care and authority, strongly represented in the military institutions. And security. And executive (the government). The legislature (the House of Representatives and the Senate). In Syria, Karam Gamal Abdel Nasser tribe Hourani. Withdrawal of the army officers adults. Zarhm and preserve their dignity Kouhdoyen enthusiastic, and the prevention of Chgbhm politicized officers.
Hourani (people), on poverty. Tabahm and staleness. And the severity of shares, people are smart. Mnoron. Used the guard and reserve, in dealing with the regimes of Salah Jadid and Hafez al-Assad. Hourani (people) Sunni clans and families of extremely conservative, in politics and religion. Assad visited Horan at the beginning of his reign. Received a warm welcome in popularity, Defiance and gaiety to get rid of a dark era imposed by his predecessor and his opponent, Salah Jadid.
Assad when he canceled the policy, objected Hama years on «secular» its new constitution, and the inauguration of President Alawi officer (of the State of mostly Sunni). Horan did not participate year Hama years. No vigil. Did not rebel. Did not participate when the Muslim Brotherhood staged assassinations, sectarian war, against the upper-management frameworks.
From here, the Assad regime rewarded Hourani (people) father, to stay neutral. Then attracted. Seduced. Have started to senior officers. And guards, and even «executioners» in the business of security and repression, in Syria and Lebanon. Hourani (people) rose in power and the ruling party. Tozer was Faruq al-Shara (the son of the family religious Hourani) and foreign minister. Then Vice-President of the Republic. Chaired by Eng Mahmoud Zoubi government for several years in the nineties. Here is a brilliant Hourani diplomat Faisal al-Miqdad, waiting for retirement, Walid Muallem, to be replaced as foreign minister.
In the era of Assad Jr., Gamt friendly relationship between the regime and Hourani (people). Mahmoud Zubi committed suicide after withdrawing from the post of prime minister. It was slaughter. Said he had objected to the inheritance. Summed up the security establishment frightening funeral ceremony and popular media. Withdraw from the post of Foreign Lindh Farouk al-Shara. Lift to the top of the vice president. However, it is less visible and influential, since chief security officer was appointed as his assistant, perhaps to watch him.
In the Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon, following the assassination of Rafik al-Hariri (2005), (Hourani) Rustom Ghazzaleh lost his security post and political influence. Until now, no suicide or sacrifice. As happened to his former boss, Major General Ghazi Kanaan, who ruled Lebanon, before him, for many years, from Majdal Anjar station on the border between the two countries.
«S intimacy in Vienna»! General Ghazzalih raise to the rank of major general. But had been sent under duress with a bunch of security officers to the Austrian capital, secretly and in secret, to assume the international Hariri tribunal investigators interrogated. Gold-Ghazaleh accused. Returned a witness (who saw Nothing). Fortunately, a solution «deer» Hezbollah him in the Indictment Chamber liquidation of Hariri. But President Bashar al-threatening Rustum Ghazala from time to time, repeating that he would be tried on charges of «treason» every Syrian proven to be involved in the assassination.
To now. Not al-Shara. Not Miqdad. Not Ghazala, (all of these guys are) resigned. Or relieved. Or committed suicide. Or slaughtered. Silent for the bloodshed. But Horan martyr achieved a major political victory. Extracted from the blood of Syrian promises to reform. Is Bashar unable to fulfill the promises? Or forgotten, forgotten as the father, one day in 1980, and the promises of democracy to the unions pharmacists. Lawyers. Engineers. Doctors? To pick breaths. To try to search for an answer in the next Tuesday, and not after thirty years.
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